Ph.D. in Zoology, Columbia University, 1963. My interests and work have ranged widely, in order, as follows: ichthyology, herpetology, developmental biology, evolutionary biology, systems science, semiotics, natural philosophy, with publications in all but the first. I taught various biology courses at the City University of New York from 1965 until 1990, and have been associated with Binghamton University’s Biological Science department since 1992.
My approach is explored by considering Aristotelian Causal Categories, focusing on Final Cause. I then consider the possibility of understanding this question from an ‘internalist’ perspective.